Keloids are scars which enlarge spontaneously to form firm, smooth, hard growths called keloids.
They may be uncomfortable or itchy, and may be much larger than the original wound. As wounds heal, scar tissue forms, which at first is often red and somewhat prominent. Over several months, a scar usually becomes flat and pale. If there is a lot of tension on a healing wound, the healing area is rather thicker than usual. This is known as a hypertrophic scar. There is no known cause for keloid formation.
While most people never form keloids, others develop them after minor injuries, even insect bites or pimples. Keloids may form on any part of the body, although the upper chest and shoulders are especially prone to them. Dark skinned people form keloids more easily than Caucasians.
Keloids are usually just a cosmetic problem. They never become malignant.
Treatment
There is no satisfactory treatment for the majority of keloids.
The Procedure
Surgical removal can be performed with great care as it may result in a second keloid even larger than the original one.
Steroid can be injected into the scar. When repeated every few weeks the keloid usually reduces in size and irritation. The injections are uncomfortable.
Pressure dressings may be suitable, applied for 24 hours a day for months on end. They work best when used early.
Silicone gel applications seem helpful for some keloids.
Cryotherapy - some keloids respond to freezing with liquid nitrogen.
Radiotherapy - superficial X-ray treatment may prevent the formation of a keloid if given soon after surgery.
CO2 laser. In suspected keloid laser produces good results if done within three months of surgery.
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